Understanding changes in exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals: Insights from FAO's new report

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations has published a new report titled Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Changes from 2002 to 2024. This comprehensive analysis explores the shifts in human and food-producing animal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) since the implementation of various risk management practices over the past two decades.  

This latest report builds on earlier assessments, particularly the 2002 Global Assessment of the State-of-the-Science of Endocrine Disruptors, which was a collaborative effort between the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Labour Organization (ILO), and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The report tracks exposure trends across various commodities, including fish, shellfish, bovine milk, and various meats, revealing a noteworthy decline in exposure levels.  

FAO's focus primarily lies in dietary exposure to EDCs, yet much of the data stem from human biomonitoring studies that do not differentiate between dietary and non-dietary sources. The report indicates an overall decrease in human exposure to these chemicals, attributed to regulatory initiatives, voluntary industry efforts, and heightened consumer awareness.  

Since 2002, significant strides have been made in managing EDCs, with various regulatory measures leading to reduced levels in food-producing animals. These efforts stem from public health concerns and proactive responses from industries, which have collectively contributed to lowering exposure risks. However, while these mechanisms have been effective, challenges remain, particularly regarding the persistent nature of certain chemicals and incomplete regulatory measures.  

The report also highlights specific chemical categories and their trends:  

• Organochlorine compounds: The decline in the use of many organochlorine pesticides since the 1980s has led to a significant decrease in their presence in food and human exposure.  
• Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs): Exposure trends for PBDEs are complex, reflecting both regulatory actions and the presence of various industrial formulations, with some reductions noted in specific congeners.  
• Phthalates: Overall evidence indicates a decrease in human exposure to low molecular weight phthalates, particularly following regulatory actions in Europe. However, exposure to high molecular weight phthalates continues to be less understood.  
• Bisphenols and other chemicals: While there has been a notable reduction in bisphenol A (BPA) exposure, the full impact of substitutes remains unclear. Similarly, public pressure has influenced decreases in exposure to parabens and triclosan. In addition, exposure to perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) has shown a decrease for shorter chain variants from 2000 to 2008, though evidence regarding longer chain PFAS is inconsistent, with some studies indicating rising exposure levels.  

The findings from this report paint a hopeful picture, showcasing progress in reducing EDC exposure in our food systems. Yet, they also serve as a reminder of the ongoing efforts needed to address persistent chemicals and ensure continued consumer safety. As we advance, awareness and action will be crucial in further minimizing risks associated with endocrine disrupting chemicals.    

Source:  

FAO